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{{c1::Mesolimbic}}: Decreased dopamine, decreased positive symptoms
Vegetative State Characterized by the resumption of the {{c1::sleep–wake cycle on EEG}} evidence of purposeful behavior:...
{{c1::Halstead–Reitan}} Neuropsychological Battery is used as a diagnostic test for all kinds of brain damage.
Decorticate posture: There is {{c1::flexion}} of the upper extremities and {{c1::extension}} of the lower extremitie...
In 1997 Haltiner, Temkin, and Dikeman showed that after the {{c2::first}} episode of late PTS , the probability of ...
Duration of PTA severe TBI > {{c1:: 7 days }}
recovery in {{c1::70}}% "
Orientation Log (O–Log) 2 consecutive scores of {{c1:: > 25}} and higher indicate the person is out of PTA.
Cerebral Salt Wasting Syndrome It may be a more common cause of hyponatremia in TBI patients than SIADH. CSW is thought ...
Subdural hematoma (SDH) : Occurs in 30% of severe head trauma. They result from shearing of the {{c1::bridging veins}...
{{c1::Parosmia}}: Sensation of smell in the absence of stimulus
TBI pt with PTS recurrence despite tx with AED's Advanced PTS treatments 1. {{c1::surgical resection}} 2. {{c1::Vagal ne...
Severity of TBI: Mild TBI: GCS score {{c1::13}} to {{c1::15}}
90% "
{{c1::levetiracetam (Keppra)}} : commonly used as first-line treatment. has demonstrated comparable efficacy to phenyto...
the DRS is a {{c1::30}}-point scale covering the following eight dimensions Eye opening Verbalization/communication Mot...
{{c1::Orientation Log (O–Log)}}: an alternative to GOAT for assessment of PTA addressed problems related to GOAT includi...
Consciousness is a function of the ascending {{c1:: reticular activating system ( RAS ) }} and the {{c1::cerebral cor...
Mortality rate of patients who are initially comatose from a gunshot wound to the head is {{c1::90}} %
Coma sleep: {{c1::N::Y/N}} eyes: {{c1::closed::open/closed}} response to pain: {{c1::N::Y/N}} language comprehension: {...
{{c1::Mesocortical}}: Decreased dopamine, increased negative symptoms
Indicators of Outcome After TBI Age ≥ {{c1::40}} correlates with worse functional outcome when compared with younger pa...
Brain MRI in TBI Can define {{c1::nonhemorrhagic}} lesions of the brain as opposed to CT
and moderate or good recovery in 35%
In the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Edition (ICD-10) ( 1992 ) criteria , post-concussion syndrome ...
Fronto-orbicular reflex: {{c1::Orbicularis oculi contraction on percussion of the glabella}}
Resuscitation (ABCs) TBI Oxygenation (breathing): PO 2 should be kept between {{c1::100}} and {{c1::120}} mmHg. PCO 2 ...
The Task Force also introduced the term permanent VS to denote irreversibility after {{c1::3}} months following {...
Post traumatic seizure {{c1::50}}% of PTS occur within 1 year {{c1::80}}% occur within 2 years Most PTS occur {{c2::1}} ...
PTH in TBI patients is most often of the {{c1::communicating::communicating/non-communicating}} type
PTS are classified as: {{c1::Partial seizure}} (simple if preserved consciousness; complex if consciousness is impaired...
Gaze deviations point {{c1::toward}} the site of the lesion in TBI
{{c1::Disability Rating Scale}} : head injury predictor scale with Documented correlation between acute predictors of ou...
Barbiturates and decompressive craniotomies decrease ICPs they {{c1::do not::do/do not}} affect mortality and morbi...
{{c2::Functional reorganization}} or {{c1::unmasking reorganization}}: component of plasticity Healthy neural structur...
Good recovery is unlikely when {{c1::bilateral}} {{c1::hemispheric}} lesions are found on early MRI
GCS score 11: Moderate or good recovery in 90% "
GCS score {{c1::11}}: Moderate or good recovery in
Environmental Management of Posttraumatic Agitation Protect patient from harming self or others {{c3::4-side rails}} Pla...
CPP = {{c1::MAP}} – {{c1::ICP}}
thereputic dose AED's i n the TBI population {{c1::carbamazepine}} and {{c1::valproic acid}} are often preferred to...
TBI Severity : {{c1::90}}% of injuries are classified as mild.
{{c1::Vicariation }} (TBI revovery mechanism) Functions taken over by brain areas not originally managing that function...
CN VIII (VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR NERVE) Damage to the nerve results in {{c2::loss of hearing}}, or in {{c1::vertigo}} and {{c1...
Diagnostic Studies for DVT Doppler ultrasonography {{c1::Impedance plethysmography (IPG)}} {{c2:: 125 I-fibrinogen sca...
Emergency Burr Hole Indicated for a rapidly deteriorating patient who exhibits signs of {{c1::transtentorial herniation}...
{{c1::Cheyne-Stokes}} : respiration characterized by alternating apnea and hyperventilation during sleep, mostly in th...
PT Seizures are classified by onset Late PTS: Occurs after {{c1::7 days}}
Decorticate posture: etiology lesions to, {{c1::cerebral hemisphere}} {{c1::white matter / internal capsule}} {{c1::thal...