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senna stimulate peristalsis by acting on {{c1::Auerbach’s plexus (primarily motor)}}

{{c1::inability to clear secretions}} in SCI is a key factor in the development of pulmonary complications such as ate...

SCI patients, carcinomas arising within a chronic pressure injury, termed {{c1::Marjolin}} ulcers, are highly aggress...

Hypercalcemia usally appears {{c1::4 to 8::2# range}} weeks after SCI/TBI

Tendon Transfer C6 {{c1::Brachioradialis to FPL::2 muscles}} : Restore lateral pinch / grasp Provides better functio...

Gastrocolic reflex: SCI pts instructed to perform bowel program {{c1::30 minutes}} after a meal

{{c1::Transposition

weeks after SCI associated with limited mobility Factors suggesting

{{c1::SMA syndrome}} Predisposing factors include: {{c4::Rapid weight loss}} decrease in protective fatty layer {{c3::P...

Posttraumatic syringomyelia gold standard dx {{c1::MRI with gadolinium::test & specifier }}

INSPIRATORY MUSCLES {{c1::Diaphragm}} {{c2::External intercostals}} {{c3::Accessory muscles: scalenes, SCM, trapezius::3...

flexion / rotation injury Unilateral facet dislocation. {{c1::C5–C6::2 vertebrae level}} most common level un stable...

SCD's if placement delayed > {{c2::72}} hours, you MUST {{c1::doppler u/s}} before putting on compression devices

Immediately following SCI , amenorrhea occurs in 85% of women return of menstruation within {{c1::6 to 12::#-# range}}...

cough assist c ontraindicated in patients with susceptibility to {{c1::pneumothorax}}

likelihood of pregnancy after SCI is {{c1::unchanged::>/=/<}}

{{c1::Deep tissue pressure injury}} : Intact or nonintact skin with localized area of persistent nonblanchable deep {{...

most important risk factors for developing pressure injuries are {{c1::persistent}} pressure and {{c1::shear}} for...

{{c1::Jefferson}} fracture of C {{c1::1}}

SCI GI complications If cecum is dilated {{c1::>12}} cm, consider {{c2::GI and Surgical consults ::2 }}

T1 through T5: {{c1::Intercostal m.}} volitional function is lost (muscles of breathing)

Mechanically ventilate SCI when: VC <{{c1::1 L}} PO 2 <{{c2::50}} mmHg PCO 2 >{{c2::50}} mmHg Severe {{c3::atelectasis...

{{c1::Extradural}} tumors are largely comprised of spinal metastases and primary bony tumors.

method with the highest success rates for weaning off MV in SCI is {{c1::progressive free breathing}}

Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine (2016) clinical practice guidelines recommend {{c1::LMWH}} to be initiated as acu...

EXPIRATORY MUSCLES {{c3::pectoralis major}} {{c1::Internal intercostals}} {{c2::Abdominal muscles}}

{{c1::insufflation–exsufflation}} machine Aka {{c1::cough assist}} clear secretions by applying a positive pressure, ...

BCR/anal wink reflex i f not present by 24 hours, {{c1::LMN}} injury may be suspected

Colon layer location Auerbach’s: {{c1::muscularis propria}} Meissner’s: {{c1::submucosa}}

incidence of concomitant {{c1::TBI::other rehab dx}} in SCI is reported between 24% and 74%

phrenic nerve pacing (or diaphragmatic pacing) {{c1::EMG of diaphragm::dx test }} is important to rule out damage to t...

Concussion Return to Play (RTP) Return-to-play (RTP) criteria in sports have been similarly controversial. In 2016, the ...

DRS provides a quantitative index of {{c2::disability}} It is more sensitive to {{c1::clinical changes}} than GOS Limita...

2nd-generation anticonvulsants, such as gabapentin and lamotrigine, may also be used for tx of PTS as {{c1::adjuvant...

Treatment of Agitation in Posttraumatic Agitation after identifying the exact behavior you must first, Identify if {{c1:...

CN III has both motor (central) and

{{c1::Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT)}} : it is a standard technique for assessing PTA .

Vertical and horizontal oculocephalic reflex: {{c1::horizontal head movement results in eyes that move with the face (a...

Lower GCS scores are associated with worse outcomes based on the {{c1:: best GCS}} within the 1st {{c1::24}} hou...

Objective measurement is critical. Posttraumatic agitation can be quantified with 2 Scales 1.) {{c1::Agitated Behavior S...

Second Impact Syndrome Current research suggests an impairment in the brain’s {{c1::vascular autoregulation}}

{{c1::Cacosmia}}: Awareness of disagreeable or unusually offensive odor that does not exist; may be part of an aura pri...

in the TBI population, {{c1::sudden death (2/2 PE)}} from VTE is the 1st clinical sign in 70% to 80%

{{c1::Functional/Behavioral Substitution}} (TBI revovery mechanism) Techniques/new strategies learned to compensate for ...

SIADH treatment Fluid restriction to approximately {{c1::1.0}} L/d

SDH chronicity Acute SDH: {{c1::Immediately symptomatic::not a time}} lesions

Oculocardiac reflex: {{c1::Bradycardia induced by increasing pressure on the eyeball}}

Emergency Craniotomy Definitive care for significant traumatic {{c1::epidural}} and {{c1::SDHs}} Performed mainly to rem...

recovery in 70%

{{c1::Rancho Los Amigos}} : global scale that focuses on {{c3::cognitive recovery}} and {{c2::behavior}} after TB...