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{{c1::Violence/assault}} is the 2nd most common cause of TBI in young adults

Epidural hematoma (EDH) : Occurs commonly (90%) with a skull fracture in the {{c1::temporal bone}} crossing the vasc...

The end of PTA can be defined as the date when the patient scores {{c1:: ≥75 }} in the GOAT for {{c1::2 consecut...

In higher level patients, {{c1::CN1}} pathology could present with {{c3::decrease in appetite, weight loss, and/or al...

Of the 3 items in GCS , best {{c1::motor}} response , particularly {{c2::2 weeks}} postinjury, is the best acute p...

agitation most commonly occurs with {{c1::fronto-temporal}} lesions

neurogenic bladder TBI tx 2... {{c1::timed-voiding}} {{c1::Anticholinergics}}

TBI pt w/ hx of late seizure It is reasonable to consider withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs after a {{c1::2-year, seiz...

Emergence from MCS typically signaled by: {{c1::Consistent command following}} {{c2::Functional object use}} {{c3::Relia...

DAI is the most common cause of {{c1::unconsciousness}} during and following the first 24 hours of TBI

Duration of PTA mild TBI {{c1::0}} to {{c1:: < 24hr}}

{{c1::Bilateral fixed dilated::3 characterisitcs (ominous sign)}} pupils indicate a poor outcome in TBI

Prior to the development of the CT scan, {{c1::neuropsychological assessment}} was utilized to determine the presenc...

Cases of HTN have been reported secondary to {{c1::hydrocephalus}} several {{c2::years}} after TBI

TBI Model System National Database Statistics (1989–2011) TBI Etiology: {{c1::MVA}}: 53% {{c1::Falls}}: 24% {{c1::Violen...

DAI classification is based on severity: Grade III : Damage involving the {{c1::brainstem}}

RAS is composed of cell bodies in the {{c1::central reticular core}} of the {{c1::upper brainstem (mainly midbrain)}...

GCS score {{c2::8}} to {{c2::10}}: Moderate or good

TBI Common locations of DAI include... {{c1::corpus callosum}} {{c2::central white matter}} {{c3::mid-brain}}

50% and moderate or good recovery in 35%

Sympathetic storming management {{c1::Bromocriptine}} {{c1::Analgesics (morphine / gaba)}} {{c1::Dantrolene}} {{c1::Pro...

{{c2::Agitation}} is a subtype of {{c1::delirium}} occurring during the state of {{c1::PTA}} and is characterized b...

TBI surgical indications {{c1::Penetrating injury}} {{c4::Compound depressed skull fracture}} {{c2::Epidural/Subdural he...

Coma Duration {{c2::Severe disability}} is unlikely when coma lasts <{{c1::2}} weeks {{c2::Good recovery}} is unlikely w...

DISORDERS OF CONSCIOUSNESS Minimally Conscious State Awake: {{c1::Yes}} Aware: {{c1::Yes, inconsistent but reproducible}...

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{{c2::Focal ischemia}} after a traumatic SAH occurs secondary to {{c1::vasospasms}} of the arteries or from {{c...

ICP pathophys mass lesion causes {{c1::distortion}} of the brain tissue and a reduction of the {{c1::CSF volume}} ↑ ICP ...

GCS score 11: Moderate or good recovery in

{{c1::Redundancy}} (TBI revovery mechanism) Recovery of function based on activity of uninjured brain areas (latent area...

Hypothalamic Pituitary Dysfunction Some studies show rates as high as {{c1::50}}% in TBI (increased {{c2::growth hormone...

Concussion Return to Play (RTP) Concussion management and RTP guidelines begin with physical and cognitive rest until {{...

etiology of anisicoria ( mydriasis ) (2/2 CN3 palsy) (excluding miosis contralateral side, meds, and physiologic) {{c1:...

post-TBI hypertension If medication needed, {{c1::propranolol}} is recommended

{{c1::Tuberoinfundibular}}: Decreased dopamine, increased prolactin

Anisocoria: May indicate impending {{c1::transtentorial herniation}} to the {{c2::ipsilateral}} side

{{c2::90}}% "

Most mild TBI (concussion) patients have a good recovery usually within {{c1::1::#}} to {{c1::3::#}} {{c1::months:...

SAH : Etiology ruptured {{c5::cerebral aneurysms}} leakage from {{c1::IPH}} {{c4::trauma}} {{c3::AVMs}} CT findi...

Environmental Management of Posttraumatic Agitation Reduce patient’s cognitive confusion: One person speaking to patient...

Rate of early recovery has been found to be predictive of final outcome. 2 tests {{c1::JFK Coma Recovery }} Scale a...

PT Seizures are classified by onset Early PTS: Occurs within {{c1::24 hours}} to {{c1::7 days}}

Severity of TBI based on LOC Mild: {{c1::0}} to {{c2::< 30 min}}

Relationship between best GCS score and outcome as

{{c1::Metabolic:: Metabolic/Anoxic }} causes of coma have a better prognosis.

TBI sedation {{c1::Benzodiazepines::class}} have minimal hemodynamic effects, and {{c1::lorazepam::specific med}} does...

Evaluation of ICP In a normal adult, reclining with the head and the trunk elevated to 45 degrees, normal ICP is {{c1::~...

The likelihood of good recovery COMA is < {{c2::5}} % in those who have suffered {{c1::SAH or stroke }} about {{c2:...

Treatment of Posttraumatic Agitation Acute/Emergency Medication management: Minimize cognitive-impairing medications: {{...

Once a GOAT score of {{c1::70}} is achieved, {{c2::neuropsychological test}} data usually are reliable for further r...