Search PM&R flashcards by topic, content, or tags
Showing 50 of 2633 cards
Vertebral Augmentation Goal is to provide pain relief from vertebral body compression fractures, for people who have mi...
pain physiology Cortical structures: Primary and secondary {{c1::somatosensory cortices}} , insula, {{c3::anterior ...
Transforaminal approach : Places medication near the anterior epidural space and closer to the inflamed spinal nerve roo...
{{c1::meloxicam}} most COX2 {{c2::ketorolac}} least COX2
Second-order neurons in the spinal cord are {{c2::wide dynamic range (WDR)::same}} neurons and nociceptive-specific (NS)...
{{c1::Hyperesthesia}} An increased sensitivity to a stimulus
Modic Type II trabeculae are also fractured in many places but are shorter and broader and the “scaffolding” pattern i...
{{c1::Kypho}} plasty : PMMA is placed indirectly into the vertebral body through a balloon tamp/introducer cannula. It...
Lymphedema: Usually develops within {{c1::2}} years after breast cancer surgery. of the arm along with fatigue.
{{c1::Cordotomy:}} A surgical procedure that ablates the spinothalamic tract.
Local anesthetic toxicity symptoms Early : {{c1::Perioral and tongue paresthesias}} {{c2::dizziness (orthostasis)}} Lat...
Opioid receptor types {{c2:: Mu 1 : }} Analgesia {{c1::Delta:}} Analgesia, spinal analgesia
Facet Joint Radiofrequency Ablation ablating the medial branch nerves that innervate the facet, After two positive dia...
stellate ganglion block Complications (even with a successful injection): {{c1::Horner’s syndrome}} {{c2::Hoarseness}} ...
{{c1::Cortical spreading depression (CSD)}} theory : A phenomenon defined as a wave of neuronal depolarization in the c...
World Health Organization (WHO) (Analgesic Ladder for Cancer Pain Relief) Mild to moderate pain: {{c1::Nonopioid analges...
Supraspinal modulation occurs in {{c1:: periaqueductal gray ( PAG ) }} and {{c1:: rostral ventromedial medulla ( RVM ...
LUMBAR SYMPATHETIC BLOCKS Sympathetically mediated pain in the lower abdominal/pelvic regions or the lower extremities c...
{{c1:: Modulation : }} Alteration of neural activity along transmission, which occurs in DRG , spinal cord, and supras...
Spinal cord stimulator Electrode insertion levels : Should be at least {{c1::2}} spine segments below target level
Gabapentin (Neurontin ® ) and Pregabalin (Lyrica ® ) interacts with the {{c1::α2δ subunit of L-type calcium}} channel...
Valproic acid (Depakote ® ) increases {{c1::gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)}} effects and may inhibit NMDA/glutamate rec...
Chronic pain : Pain lasting for a period of more than {{c1::3 months}} originating from underlyin g pathology, but sym...
{{c1::Hunner’s}} ulcers, patches of broken skin on the bladder wall, are present in 10% of interstitial cystitis patien...
Epidural Lysis of Adhesions (Epidural Adhesiolysis) indicated for spinal pain with or without radicular pain due to adhe...
{{c1:: Transmission :}} Electrical activity conducted through the nervous system Peripheral sensory cells and dorsal roo...
{{c1::CRPS Type I}} follows a nonneurological traumatic injury; formerly known as {{c3:: reflex sympathetic dystrophy ...
{{c1::Vertebro}} plasty : PMMA is injected directly into the vertebral body through an introducer cannula. Its primar...
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) {{c1::Anticholinergic and antihistaminic::2 pharm mechanism}} side effects often dict...
Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) indications : {{c1::Failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS)}} {{c2::CRPS}} {{c3::arachnoiditi...
Percutaneous disc decompression : device is threaded through an introducer cannula into the {{c1::nucleus pulposus}} ....
CELIAC PLEXUS BLOCKS Often indicated for controlling pain arising from the {{c1::epigastric viscera}} in particular from...
{{c1:: Dysesthesia : }} An unpleasant sensation that is either evoked or spontaneous in nature
Diagnostic Medial Branch Blocks A positive response is considered when there is >{{c1::80}}% pain relief postprocedure. ...
{{c1::Carisoprodol}} —central acting muscle relaxant that blocks interneuronal activity in the descending reticular form...
Modic Type I: {{c1::Bright}} on T2, {{c1::dark}} on T1
Neuropathic pelvic pain refers to pain 2/2 {{c1::a specific peripheral sensory nerve}}
{{c1:: Allodynia : }} Pain elicited from a nonpainful stimulus
{{c1::Myofascial pain}} : Localized and +/- referred soft tissue pain, arising from trigger points, that can exhibit se...
Modic type III: {{c1::Dark}} on T2 and {{c1::Dark}} on T1
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) a disorder of the extremities characterized by {{c1::regional}} pain ^^ that is...
Intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET) : blunt-tipped thermal catheter is threaded through an introducer cannula into...
the borders of the safe triangle include Superior border: {{c1::inferior pedicle}} Lateral border: {{c1::Lateral edge of...
pKa = {{c1::pH at which 50% of the drug is ionized}} . The {{c2::nonionized}} form crosses lipid membranes easily. Th...
CRPS treatments {{c1::physical therapy}} is a hallmark of successful management Medications: {{c2::NSAIDs::Drug Class}...
Irritable bowel syndrome : Symptom-based diagnosis of abdominal pain or discomfort for {{c1::6}} months and at least th...
high partition coefficient indicates lipid solubility. Drugs such as {{c1::fentanyl}} exert most of their effect at th...
IASP Diagnostic Criteria for CRPS Presence of an {{c1::initiating noxious event}} or a cause of {{c1::immobilization}} C...
{{c1:: Transduction : }} Conversion of stimuli to nociceptive electrical impulses. Afferent sensory neurons known as n...
{{c1:: Hyperalgesia : }} Exaggerated pain response from a stimulus that normally elicits pain