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Genu recurvatum causes {{c1::Weak quadriceps (short or spastic)}} {{c2::plantar flexor spasticity/constracture}} compe...
Build relief over painful areas
Gait Analysis of the Transfemoral Amputee Vaulting (Rising on toe of sound foot) prosthetic causes {{c1::Prosthesis too...
Align
Gait Analysis of the Transtibial Amputee Pistoning Solutions:
Gait disturbances in Parkinson’s include {{c1::stooped}} posture and {{c1::festinating}} gait
Solutions:
e4040931421042a5ad31a8ef399c6485-oa-2
Muscle Activity during Gait Initial Swing {{c1::Hip flexors}} {{c1::Hamstrings}} {{c1::quadriceps}} {{c1::tib ant}}
Outset foot
The COG is displaced {{c1::5}} cm horizontally and {{c1::5}} cm vertically during an average adult male step
3.External
Preswing : Time period from {{c1::initial contact of the opposite leg}} to {{c1::just prior to lift of the ipsilateral ...
Stiffen heel cushion
buckle - Calcaneal gait – weight-bearing through heel > midfoot, but not
Foot slap causes {{c1::moderately weak dorsiflexors}}
{{c1:: Radiculopathy : }} A pathologic process affecting the spinal nerve roots
2011 American Urological Association interstitial cystitis treatment guidelines First line: Patient education, diet mo...
Modic Type I the trabeculae are fractured in many places, the trabeculae are shorter and broader, and the “scaffolding”...
Modic Type II: {{c1::Bright}} on T2 and {{c1::Bright}} on T1
stellate ganglion block indications : {{c1::Chronic facial and/or cervicobrachial}} pain syndromes {{c2::CRPS type I or...
Modic Type III rare, and it is essentially {{c1::bone scar tissue}}
IL approach: A midline or paramedian approach when the patient is placed in a prone position Using an AP view, an 18- or...
Caudal approach : After the sacral hiatus is identified under fluoroscopy, the needle is advanced through the sacral hia...
{{c1::CRPS Type II}} follows a known traumatic nerve injury; formerly known as {{c2::causalgia}}
Local anesthetic toxicity management : ACLS protocols cardiac arrhythmia treatment {{c1::lipid emulsion}} therapy
Clinical diagnostic criteria of CRPS — The {{c1::Budapest}} consensus criteria (Up to Date) the patient must report a...
SUPERIOR HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUS BLOCK treatment for {{c1::chronic pelvic pain::general}} from {{c1::pelvic cancers (gynecolo...
CRPS diagnostic testing a clinical diagnosis that does not require tests, but used with atypical features and to r/o oth...
{{c1::Punctate midline myelotomy:}} A neuroablative procedure that interrupts the midline of the dorsal column (which c...
Opioid receptor types {{c1:: Mu 2 : }} Respiratory depression, sedation, vomiting, euphoria, anorexia, physical depende...
Natural {{c1::Morphine}}, {{c1::codeine}} Semisynthetic {{c2::hydrocodone}}, {{c2::oxycodone}}, diacetylmorphine (heroin...
Buprenorphine (Subutex) or Suboxone ( contains naloxone). mu {{c1:: p artial-agonist }} , kappa {{c1::antagonist}} , ...
stellate ganglion block Injection target area and clinical landmark is the {{c1::Chassaignac tubercle (carotid tubercle)...
{{c1::Costopleural syndrome:}} Severe, intractable chest pain that is a common symptom in pleural mesothelioma. {{c2:...
{{c1::Cingulotomy:}} Bilateral target the cortex (part of the limbic system).
{{c1:: Neuralgia : }} Pain in a distribution of a nerve or nerves
SENSORY FIBER SIZE (MICRONS) VELOCITY (M/S) FUNCTION A-β 12–14 (myelinated) 30–60 Touch, pressure, vibration, propriocep...
Spinal cord stimulator (SCS) : Modulates pain signals in the spinal cord primarily through the {{c1::gate control theor...
Opioid MOA bind to mu, kappa, and delta in the CNS and peripheral tissues; they {{c1::pre::pre/post}}synaptically ...
{{c1:: Neurovascular : }} theory trigeminal ganglion stim by CSD causes release of neurotransmitters: Substance P, ...
Baclofen —activates {{c1::GABA-B}} receptors in the brain, reducing excitatory neurotransmitter release in both the br...
Potential Spinal Injection Complications Infection: 1% to 2% of spinal injections Cardiovascular: {{c1::dysrhythmias}} N...
stellate ganglion is comprised of the {{c1:: lower cervical sympathetic ganglia }} and {{c1:: upper thoracic sympat...
stellate ganglion receives {{c1::parasympathetic}} input and transmits {{c1::sympathetic}} output to the head, neck, he...
NSAIDs reversibly inhibit {{c1::COX-1 / COX-2 enzymes::2 }} , which produce {{c2::thromboxane / prostaglandins::2}...
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) Inhibit {{c1::serotonergic and noradrenergic reuptake::2}} , acting at the level of t...
Interstitial cystitis ( Diagnosis of exclusion) Diagnosis: cystoscopy hydrodistention {{c1::potassium sensitivity}} tes...
{{c1::Nociceptive Pain}} can be both {{c2::somatic}} and {{c2::visceral}}