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Sacral Vertebrae A triangular-shaped bone consisting of {{c1::5}} fused vertebrae Coccygeal Vertebrae {{c2::3-4::#-#}}...

Grades of radial fissures in internal disc disruption Grade 3: Outer {{c1::one-third}} annular disruption ± {{c2::ci...

Coxa vara occurs when the femoral neck and shaft angle is {{c1::decreased}} hip abduction is limited, knee assumes a {{c...

Osteitis Pubis Clinical Features presents as pain in the {{c1::pubic symphysis::same}} or {{c1::groin pain}} may radiat...

{{c1::Valgus Extension Overload (VEO)}} aka {{c1::thrower's/pitcher's arm}} General Spectrum of overuse elbow injuries...

Isolated Lisfranc joint injury Clinical Features Vague foot or ankle pain with swelling localized to the {{c1::dorsum}} ...

Disc herniation locations Lateral: example, a far lateral L4–L5 herniation can impinge the L {{c1::4}} nerve root

MCL tear Imaging Radiographs may reveal an epiphyseal fracture MRI is typical to investigate associated injuries (i.e....

compression fracture invasive treatment : {{c1::vertebroplasty}} {{c1::kyphoplasty}} Surgery

OSTEOCHONDROSIS OF THE ELBOW (PANNER’S DISEASE) Treatment {{c1::Conservative}}

Bouchard’s nodules involve the {{c1:: proximal interphalangeal ( PIP ) }} joint

Rockwood Classification of AC Joint (Shoulder) Separations Type 4 AC and CC ligament: complete rupture Clavicle: {{c1:...

THA absolute contraindication infection {{c1::osteoperosis}}

hip adductor strain Imaging Radiographs of the hip needed urgently to rule out {{c1::avulsion}} of the {{c1::adductor tu...

trigger finger Treatment 1st line : {{c1::Corticosteroid injection}}, {{c1::immobilization by splinting}}, and NSAIDs Su...

Lower Back Pain Indications for delayed MRI

Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis Imaging Hip plain radiographs {{c1::AP}} and {{c1::frog-leg lateral}} views will help ...

THA Posterior Approach Advantages Allows for {{c3::extensive exposure of proximal femur/acetabulum}} ^ {{c1::Most::most/...

Extensor Compartments of the Wrist Fifth compartment : {{c1::EDM}}

diagnosis of scoliosis is confirmed by a Cobb angle of > {{c1::10}} degrees of lateral curvature

{{c1::Mallet finger}} : Rupture of the extensor tendon at its insertion (aka Zone 1 extensor tendon injury)

L3 Radiculopathy sensory {{c1::anterior lower thigh}}

Atlanto-occipital joint and Atlanto-axial joint make up {{c1::50}} % of flexion/extension and rotation movement of the...

Dupuytren’s contracture General thickening and contraction of the palmar fascia due to {{c1::fibrous proliferation::path...

ANKLE SPRAIN GRADING Grade 2 (Moderate) : {{c1::Complete tear of the ATFL & Partial tear of the CFL}}

Grades of radial fissures in internal disc disruption Grade 1: Inner {{c1::one-third::fraction}} annular disruption

{{c2::Yergason’s}} test: determines the stability of the long head of the biceps tendon in the bicipital groove Pain a...

Median nerve compression at the elbow caused by the following structures: Ligament of Struthers or supracondylar spur La...

L2 Radiculopathy sensory {{c1::upper antero-meial thigh}}

Thomas Test

Tibiofibular Syndesmosis Injury Imaging Plain films with AP, lateral, oblique, and mortise views Xray Rule out {{c1::wid...

Neck and Back Pain Absenteeism Missed work for 6 months = approx {{c1::50}}% return to work Missed work for 1 year = app...

Jones’ fracture: Treatment {{c1::Nonweight-bearing with short leg cast for 6-8 weeks}}

proximal Iliotibial band syndrome Clinical Features Patients may complain of hip snapping or clicking {{c1::with or w...

Medial Epicodylitis Caused by repetitive {{c1::valgus}} stress to the elbow throwing motion of a pitcher, especially in ...

{{c1::medial}} collateral ligament has an attachment to the meniscus

Aging Effects on the Disc decreases in the following: {{c1::Nuclear water content}} {{c2::Ratio of chondroitin:keratin}}...

proximal humerus fracture Conservative Treatment indication: {{c1::One Part (nondisplaced)}} fractures initially {{c2::S...

Kienböck’s disease Treatment {{c1::Orthopedic referral}}

plantar fasciitis Clinical Features Tenderness over the {{c1::medial}} aspect of the {{c1::heel}} Pain can be elicited b...

de Quervain tenosynovitis general Repetitive or direct trauma to the sheath of the {{c1::EPB}} and {{c1::APL}} tendons, ...

Hamate Fractures Clinical Features Ulnar and palmar wrist pain with {{c1::racquet swing::sport}} may lead to accompany...

proximal humerus fracture Neer Four-Part Classification One-part humeral fracture: {{c1::Nondisplaced, impacted fract...

Meniscal Tears MRI after {{c4::4 weeks}} of the symptoms below, despite initial managment non-operative treatment (ind...

Etiologies of Spondylolisthesis Type 6: {{c1::Post-surgical}} spondylolisthesis

{{c1::Illiopsoas tendonitis / bursitis}} clinical presentation pain at the proximal aspect of the thigh, anterior groi...

Facet Innervation Facet joints in the cervical spine are innervated by... Example: the C4–C5 facet is innervated by the...

RC TEAR SURGICAL TREATMENT: ACUTE, ACUTE ON CHRONIC PARTIAL, AND FULL TEARS Indications (RC tear confirmed on MRI) tears...

compression fracture grade 2: {{c1::25}}-{{c1::40}}% height loss