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ANKLE SPRAIN GRADING Grade 1 (Mild) : {{c1::Partial tear of the ATFL::pathophys}}
Jersey finger: Mechanism of injury is a rupture of the {{c1::flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendon}}
chronic exertional compartment syndrome Treatment initial treatment consists of rest, ice, and non-steroidal anti-infl...
femoral-neck stress fractures Compression-type fractures generally occur along the {{c2::inferior}}-{{c2::medial}} nec...
Spondylolisthesis Clinical Features Low back pain exacerbated with motion and {{c1::hamstring}} tightness {{c2::Radicula...
patelo-femoral pain syndrome AKA {{c1::runner’s / biker’s knee}} General #1 most common cause of anterior knee pain an o...
spondylolisthesis +/- spondylolysis physical examination forward flexion may reveal {{c1::palpable step-off}} {{c2:...
Haglund Syndrome / retrocalcaneal bursitis physical examination
clavicular fractures surgical indications {{c1::open clavicle fractures}} {{c2::grossly displaced}} fracture with {{c2::...
Intertrochanteric hip fractures morbidity Highly fragmented fractures may result in significant {{c1::blood loss}} Post...
{{c1::Trendelenburg test}} : Physical exam maneuver that is more senitive for an L5 motor radic than EHL
GLENOHUMERAL JOINT {{c1::2}} degrees of glenohumeral motion for every {{c1::1}} degree of scapulothoracic motion during ...
{{c1::Rolando’s}} fracture : Fracture at the base of the thumb metacarpal that may be classified as a T, Y, or comminut...
{{c1::osteochondrosis of the elbow}} aka {{c2::Panner's::eponym}} disease pathophys {{c4::aseptic necrosis::pathology}...
Impingement syndrome : most commonly affects the {{c1::supraspinatus}} tendon, under the acromion and the greater tuber...
vertebral compression fractures are most commonly occur at the {{c1::thoracolumbar junction}}
spinal stenosis degenerative changes result in disc space narrowing followed by: {{c1::vertebral body osteophytosis}} ...
spondylolysis Etiology defect most commonly seen in {{c2::children/adolescents::epidimiology}} at the {{c1::L5}} ver...
Impingement syndrome : A {{c1::narrowing}} of the {{c1::subacromial space}} causing compression and inflammation of the...
Rockwood Classification of AC Joint (Shoulder) Separations Type 6 AC and CC ligament: complete rupture Clavicle: {{c1:...
Achilles Tendon Disorders physical examination Thompson’s test: {{c1::Squeezing the calf}} should elicit plantar flexion...
Lumbar Spondylosis / discogenic pain invasive treatments:
{{c1::distal biceps tendonitis}} presentation Insidious onset of pain in the antecubital fossa usually after an eccentri...
Treatment Long Head Biceps Tendonitis: {{c1::Injection of tendon sheath}} *
vertebral body burst fracture: Compression fractures of the vertebral body involving the {{c1::anterior and middle colum...
adhesive capsulitis: {{c1::Synovial}} tissue of the capsule and bursa become adherent
de Quervain tenosynovitis Clinical Features Pain and tenderness on the {{c1::radial}} side of the wrist associated with...
Ligamentum flavum : Function: Maintains {{c1::constant disc tension}} and assists in straightening the column after flex...
Meniscal Tears general
wrist OA treatment analgesics, HEP {{c2::wrist cock up splint (or custom splints)}} {{c1::radiocarpal joint injection:...
In a proximal humeral fracture at the surgical neck, the {{c1::supraspinatus::m.}} causes abduction of the proximal fr...
Hamstring Strain Injuries typically occur during the {{c2::eccentric}} phase of muscle contraction and at the {{c1::myo...
Boxer’s fracture refers to a f racture of the {{c1::metacarpal neck/shaft}}
{{c1::Bennett’s}} fracture : Oblique fracture-subluxation at the base of the thumb metacarpal Intra-articular fracture ...
Lateral epicondylitis Treatment Conservative: Relative rest, ice, NSAIDs for 10 to 14 days Physical therapy (stretching,...
{{c1::Sag Sign}}: purely observational test for the integrity of the PCL visual comparison made with the contralateral s...
{{c1::Medial Tibila Stress}} Syndrome aka shin splints General repetitive-stress injury that results from chronic tracti...
ACL tear Clinical Features {{c1::Severe effusion}} in the 2 to 12 hours following injury is the most sensitive marker f...
Sports hernia: (pathophysiology) {{c1::a strain or tear}} of {{c1::any soft tissue}} in the lower abdomen or groin area
GHJ Instability Dead arm syndrome: Symptoms include {{c1::early shoulder fatigue}}, pain, numbness, and paresthesias Sho...
IT Band Syndrome
{{c1::Scheuermann}} disease aka juvenile kyphosis An adolescent disorder of the vertebral endplates and apophysis resul...
nocturnal Shoulder Pain could point toward a diagnosis of {{c1::impingement}} or {{c1::RC tear}}
Etiologies of Spondylolisthesis Type {{c2::5}} {{c1::Pathologic}} spondylolisthesis
Gold standard Dx for shoulder instability: {{c1::MRI arthorgram}}
Surgery for hip fracture and degeneration risks of morbidity and mortality: Venous thrombosis occurs in >50% of unprotec...
Apparent Leg Length Discrepancy Apparent leg length discrepancy may be caused by {{c1::pelvic obliquities}} or {{c1::hip...
{{c1::Swan neck deformity}}: {{c4::lax volar plate}} and {{c4::imbalance of forces}} about the DIP joint with a {{c3::...
vertebral body burst fracture Treatment Stable : Typically treated {{c1::nonoperatively}} with {{c1::bracing (4 to 6 m...
Tibiofibular Syndesmosis Injury Treatment Conservative: {{c1::sprain}} Surgical : {{c1::diastasis}}