R1 is defined as the angle at which muscle reaction occurs during V3 (fastest velocity).

R2 is defined as the angle at which muscle reaction occurs during V1 (slowest velocity).

A large difference between R1 and R2 indicates that velocity-dependent tone (i.e., spasticity) is predominant,

while a small difference between R1 and R2 indicates that velocity-independent tone (such as from muscle contracture) is predominant

Velocities:

V1—Joint is moved as slow as possible

V2—Speed of limb segment falls with gravity

V3—Joint is moved as fast as possible

Muscle response quality:

0—No resistance through range of motion (ROM)

1—Slight resistance throughout ROM, no clear catch

2—Clear catch interrupting passive movement, followed by release

3—Fatigable clonus (<10 seconds)

4—Nonfatigable clonus (>10 seconds)

5—Joint is immovable

V1

V3

quality = 3 Fatigable clonus (<10 seconds), delta = 45

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