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Radial n. course {{c1::posterior}} to the axillary artery. then, through the {{c2::triangular interval}} (boarders m...
polyphasicity (5 phases) results from {{c2::reinnervation/collateral sprouting::patho-phys}} and is {{c2::chronic}} ...
Pseudofacilitation a normal reaction and demonstrates a progressive increase in {{c1::CMAP amplitude}} with HRRS or vo...
bicipital aponeurosis median n. can be injured by entrapment or hematoma compression resulting from an {{c2::ABG / ven...
SSEP nerves most commonly used for testing are the {{c1::median}} for the upper limb and the {{c1::tibial}} nerve fo...
{{c1::Anodal Block}} is A theoretical local block that occurs when reversing the stimulator’s cathode and anode. This ...
{{c1::Froment’s}}
{{c1::complex repetetive discharge::EMG wave form}}: results from {{c2::denervated}} muscle fibers that are {{c2::re...
EMG Radiculopathy Dx Classically, {{c1::FIBs or PSWs::2}} found in {{c2::2::#}} different muscles innervated by di...
CTS etiology obesity diabetes {{c1::thyroid disease}} {{c2::RA tenosynovitis}} {{c3::CHF}} {{c4::renal failure}} {{c5::m...
Axillary n. innervates 3 {{c1::Teres minor}} {{c1::Deltoid}} {{c1::Upper lateral cutaneous nerve::sensory}}
Repetitive Nerve Stimulation ( RNS) SETUP {{c5::Immobilize}} the electrode {{c5::Immobilize}} the limb Stimulate at a s...
Electrotherapy contraindications: {{c1::Arterial or venous thrombosis, thrombophlebitis}} {{c2::Stimulation across the h...
Common Techniques of Classical Therapeutic Massage {{c1::Pétrissage}}: “Kneading” technique in which the muscle tissue i...
Deep Heat Shortwave Diathermy Produces deep heating through {{c1::conversion (radio wave electromagnetic energy to the...
Stretching Exercises {{c1::Reciprocal inhibition}} : The joint is also moved to the end of ROM , as in static stretchin...
Manual (manipulation) Therapy Direct Techniques {{c1::Thrust}}: Impulse, high velocity, low amplitude, and final activat...
Effects of bedrest cardiac {{c1::Redistribution of body fluids}} leads to postural hypotension In addition, beta-adrener...
Cold Therapeutic effects : {{c1::Decreased::Increased/Decreased}} spasticity Immediate local {{c2::vasoconstriction}} L...
Manual Therapy Indirect Techniques {{c1::Indirect balancing}}: The affected area of the body is moved away from the rest...
Shortwave Diathermy Indications {{c1::Muscle spasms (especially low back)}} Myalgia Refractory pelvic inflammatory disea...
Shortwave Diathermy SWD Contraindications {{c1::Metal Devices}} General heat precautions Contact lenses Gravid or men...
Superficial Heat {{c1::Kenny}} packs—wool cloths soaked in 60°C water, then spun dried These cool rapidly, and require...
Electrotherapy physiologic effects: inhibits pain fibers—stimulates large {{c1::myelinated}} {{c1::Type A}} nerve fibers...
TENS Treatment time is normally {{c1::30 minutes}} to {{c2::1 hour}} per session. The treatments are continued for 3 we...
Common Techniques of Classical Therapeutic Massage {{c1::Acupressure:}} Finger pressure is applied over trigger points o...
Conversion Agents Superficial heat : Radiant heat (infrared lamps): Light energy (nonthermal) is absorbed through the sk...
Combined use of {{c1::heat}} and stretching has been shown to significantly increase tendon extensibility
Ultrasound, Specialized Uses {{c1::Phonophoresis}}: Technique that utilizes US to drive medications through the skin by ...
{{c1::Impairment}}: Physical or psychological abnormality, usually the manifestation of a disease or injury.
Paraffin bath: Paraffin wax and mineral oil in a 7:1 or 6:1 ratio heated to 126°F to 130°F (52.2°C–54.4°C). Commonly use...
Functional Electrical Stimulation Precautions Avoid stimulation over heart, neck, malignancies, pregnant uterus, or infe...
{{c1::Disability}}: Inability to perform a particular activity or function
Effects of bedrest bone and joints Lack of stress on the bone through weight bearing causes {{c1::osteopenia}} and {{c1:...
Prescription Parameters for Spinal Traction Positioning For cervical traction: {{c1::20 (20 to 30)}} degrees of neck fle...
Common Techniques of Classical Therapeutic Massage {{c1::Soft tissue mobilization}}: Forceful massage of the fascia musc...
Prescription Parameters for Spinal Traction Positioning For lumbar traction: Hip and knees are flexed to {{c1::90}} de...
Ultrasound Indications Bursitis Tendinitis (calcific tendinitis) Musculoskeletal pain {{c1::Degenerative arthritis}} and...
Ultrasound Prescription Frequency: ~ {{c1::1 (0.8 to 1.1)}} MHz Intensity: For tendinitis/bursitis, the average intensit...
Microwave Diathermy Indications Heat {{c2::superficial::superficial/deep}} muscles and joints Speed resolution of {{c1::...
Common Techniques of Classical Therapeutic Massage {{c1::Myofascial release}}: Prolonged light pressure is applied in sp...
Cold compression units : Used primarily to treat acute musculoskeletal injury with {{c1::soft tissue swelling}} Also use...
Convection Agents {{c1::Hydrotherapy}}: External use of water to treat a physical condition. Water can be used to produ...
Prescription Parameters for Spinal Traction Intermittent Versus Continuous Traction Intermittent traction is used for {{...
Cold packs: pack is wrapped in moist towels and treatment time is generally {{c1::15}} to {{c1::20}} minutes
Cold Contraindications: {{c1::Raynaud’s}} disease/phenomenon {{c2::Arterial insufficiency}} {{c3::Impaired sensation}}
TENS Conventional {{c1::High}}-frequency, {{c1::low}}-intensity stimulation—most effective type of stimulation