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Phases of Swallowing 1. {{c1::Oral preparatory phase}} 2. {{c2::Oral phase}} 3. {{c3::Pharyngeal phase}} 4. {{c4::Esoph...
{{c4::Medial Medullary Syndrome }} {{c1::Ipsilateral::laterality}} {{c1::hypoglossal (CN12)}} palsy {{c2::Contralater...
Stroke Non-modifiable Risk Factors Age {{c1::Sex (male > female)}} Race (African Americans 2× > Caucasians > Asians) {{c...
CN syndromes caused by the occlusion of the inter-peduncular branches include... {{c1:: Weber syndrome (oculomotor pals...
Alexia without agraphia , cuased by infarct of the {{c2::left::side}} {{c2::occipital cortex::cortex}} and the {{c...
Head CT with IV contrast: IV contrast provides no brain enhancement in day {{c1::1}} or {{c1::2}} , as it must wa...
ICA occlusion Ocular infarction : Embolic occlusion of the {{c1::central}} {{c1::retinal}} artery
{{c1::Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT)}} has been statistically shown to produce clinically significant impro...
{{c1::Raymond–Foville}} Syndrome Millard Gubler with Extension to {{c3::medial longitudinal fasciculus}} presents wit...
Acute Antithrombotic Management CVA Not tPA candidate: Aspirin is recommended within {{c1::24}} to {{c1::48}} hours afte...
in general, Syndromes of the Paramedian (Medial) Brainstem present with (sy/sx)... laterality / modality 1.) {{c1::Ipsi...
{{c2::Wallenberg}} syndrome is also known as {{c1::lateral medullary}} syndrome
Brunnstrom (1966) & Sawner and LaVigne (1992) described stroke-induced hemiplegia recovery: 1.) Flaccidity (immediat...
Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) Symptoms: (~same as SAH) 1. {{c1::HA}} 2. {{c1::Fevers}} 3. {{c1::Vomiting}...
frequently occurs approximately {{c2::7}} days after rupture
{{c1::Noninvasive brain stimulation}} modulate cortical excitability with transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and ...
{{c3::Proprioceptice Neruo-muscular facilitaion (PNF) ( Knott and Voss, 1968 ) }} Uses {{c1::spiral}} and {{c1::diagonal...
SYMPTOMS SITE OF LESION Ipsilateral FACE pain and temperature loss {{c1::Spinal trigeminal ...
MRI Brain, Ischemic Cerebral Infarction: {{c1::DWI}} has the highest sensitivity and specificity for detecting infarcted...
Grossly there are ~{{c1::4::#}} cranial nerve nuclei in each brain stem section* *save for CN: {{c2::1}} , {{c2::2}} ...
STAGES (OF CRPS) Stage 2 (dystrophic): Pain becomes more intense and {{c1::spreads proximally}}, brawny edema, cold i...
Acute CVA treatment with {{c5::DAPT (aspirin and clopidogrel)}} patients presenting with {{c1::minor stroke (NIH < 5)...
Conduction aphasia : Lesion of the parietal operculum (arcuate fasciculus) or insula or deep to the supramarginal gyrus...
Major vascular territories portions of the globus pallidus and putamen are supplied by the {{c1::anterior choroidal}} ...
Distal ICA occlusion affects part or all of the ipsilateral MCA territory and, the ipsilateral ACA territory, ...
{{c1::Nimodipine::medication}} is useful in the treatment of cerebral blood vessel spasm after SAH
Treatment Approaches to Aphasias Direct versus indirect: Views aphasia as deficit of {{c1::linguistic thought processes}...
Segments of the MCA M1: horizontal segment originates at the {{c1::terminal bifurcation}} of the {{c1::internal caroti...
{{c1::Hemorrhage::stroke c/b}} can cause occlusion of the {{c2::foramina}} , resulting in hydrocephalus
the {{c1::inter-peduncular}} branches of the PCA include the {{c2::CN3}} and {{c2::CN4}} nuclei and nerves
Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis Despite about a 3% perioperative stroke or death rate, CEA for asymptomatic carotid sten...
LACUNAR SYNDROME ANATOMICAL LOCATION {{c1::Pure sensory stroke}} Thalamus (ventrolatera...
Compression of the oculomotor nerve ( CN3 ) is frequently seen with {{c1:: posterior communicating artery aneurysm:: a...
Saccular aneurysms are usually {{c1::asymptomatic}} prior to rupture Intracranial aneurysms are common—found {{c2::5...
Basilar Artery Occlusion Syndrome Presenting symptoms: (weird/rare) {{c1::internuclear ophthalmoplegia}} {{c2::ocular bo...
{{c1::red nucleus}} a structure in the rostral midbrain involved in motor coordination
Dysphagia {{c1::Delayed pharyngeal::___ phase}} swallow is the most common cause
{{c2::Neuro-developmental technique (NDT)}} aka {{c2::( Bobath, 1978 )}} goal to normalize {{c1::tone}}, to inhibit {{...
SYMPTOMS SITE OF LESION Dysphagia, hiccups, hoarseness {{c1::Nucleus ambiguus, CN9 and CN10 nerves::3}} Wall...
{{c1::Jargon}} : Well-articulated but mostly incomprehensible, unintelligible speech. Associated with Wernicke’s aphasia
Rupture of aneurysm producing SAH Focal neurologic deficits etiology {{c1::direct pressure}} from the aneurysm formati...
{{c1::Amerind}}: Sign language that uses gestures that represent objects, actions, directions, and descriptions.
MRI Brian, ICH : Acute hemorrhage: {{c1::darker/black}} signal on Tl ^ - and T2 * -weighted images.
ICA occlusion Cerebral infarction : the most Highly {{c1::Variable}} presentation with complete ICA occlusion; rang...
Stroke is the {{c1::5th}} leading cause of death in the United States
Intra-Arterial Mechanical Thrombectomy In selected patients with acute ischemic stroke within {{c1::6}} to {{c1::24}}...
Full anticoagulation in TIA is indicated only with {{c1::cardioembolic sources}} and in {{c1::crescendo}} TIA, ...
Patients will present with {{c1::contralateral}} {{c1::motor and/or sensory}} symptoms (sx) "
PCA occlusion, syndrome {{c1::prosopagnosia}} cannot read faces
70% of the time, both PCAs arise from the {{c1::basilar}} artery and are connected to the ICA's through the {{c2::...