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The {{c1::striate cortex}} aka visual cortex is the first cortical visual area that receives input from the lateral ...
Intra- arterial thrombolysis (catheter directed) initiated within {{c1::6}} hours of stroke onset, caused by {{c1:: o...
MCA Occlusion Most often occurs at the stem of the MCA at one of the {{c1:: two main divisions ( superior or inf...
posterior cerebral artery (PCA) supplies the posterior inferior surface of the {{c1::temporal lobe}} and the {{c1::v...
Post-Stroke Aphasia Recovery The greatest amount of improvement in patients with aphasia occurs in the first {{c1::2}} t...
Wallenberg syndrome Note: No facial or extremity muscle weakness seen in this syndrome becuase facial muscles controlled...
Cardiac emboli : Best/only* reason to anticoagulate Primarily from {{c1::nonvalvular AF}} and {{c2::mural thrombus from ...
Major vascular territories internal capsule is supplied by the {{c1::lateral striate}} arteries, branches of the {{c1:...
Post stroke Shoulder Subluxation TREATMENT Shoulder sling use is controversial. Routine use of sling for the subluxed sh...
Lacunar Syndrome Sensorimotor stroke = {{c1::Junction of internal capsule and thalamus::location}}
{{c1::Rood approach ( Schultz-Krohn, 2013 ) }} aka {{c2::sensori-motor::same}} approach Modification of muscle tone an...
Hemorrhagic Stroke BP Management Frequent practice is to treat BP if SBP >{{c1::180}} or DBP>{{c1::105}} Agent of choi...
PEG placement should be considered in people who are: unable to tolerate grade {{c1::3::#}} thickened fluids or {{c2::p...
Treatment advised in {{c1::both symptomatic and asymptomatic::symptomatic/asymptomatic}} AVMs treatments Surgical excisi...
Treatment Approaches to Aphasias {{c1::Loss versus interference}} (most widely accepted approach)
PONS Lacunar infarcts are common in the vertebrobasilar distri-bution, arising from occlusion of small penetrating branc...
distal ACA occlusion, clinical presentation {{c1::Contralateral weakness / sensory loss, affecting mainly the distal l...
ICA occlusions often present {{c1::asymptomatic::sx}} (30%–40% of cases)
Post Stroke Sexual Dysfunction Treatment : {{c1::Supportive psychotherapy counseling}} {{c2::medical consultation (e.g....
For those treated with tPA , aspirin {{c1::81}} administration is generally delayed until 24 hours later but might be...
PCA occlusion, syndrome {{c1::Palinopsia}} abnormal recurring visual imagery
{{c1::Neologism}} : A “new word” that is well articulated but has meaning only to the speaker
{{c2::Benedikt Syndrome::brain stem stroke syndrome}} Obstruction of {{c3::inter-peduncular}} branches of {{c1::basilar...
Seizure Management {{c1::Midazolam (IM or intranasal)}} or {{c1::diazepam rectal}} should be administered if no IV acces...
CVA prognosis If the patient shows some motor recovery of the hand by {{c1::4}} week/s, there is up to a {{c2::70}} ...
Predictors of aspiration on bedside swallowing exam: {{c1::Abnormal cough}} {{c1::Cough after swallow}} Dysphonia Dysart...
ACA occlusion, speech snydrome {{c1::Transcortical motor aphasia}} if the left side is effected
PCA occlusion, speech snydrome {{c1::Transcortical sensory aphasia}}
Recovery of Dysphagia in Stroke Subjects 72 hours poststroke rated at a level 1 to 3 on the {{c1:: Functional Communica...
Oral Phase phase requires tension in the labial and buccal musculature to close the anterior and lateral sulci Anterior-...
CSF circulates from the lateral ventricles, then trough the {{c1::foramina of Monro}} , 3rd ventricle, then trough t...
Angiography Includes: (evaluate extracranial and intracranial circulation) {{c1::conventional angiography}} {{c1::magne...
angular gyrus Characteristics: {{c2::Fluent (essentially good comprehension and repetition)}} {{c1::Decreased output of ...
CN's located in the medial brainstem include: {{c1::3}} {{c1::4}} {{c1::6}} {{c1::12}}
Basilar Artery Occlusion Syndrome Occlusion may arise in several ways: {{c1:: Atherosclerotic plaque in the basilar art...
{{c1::Circumlocution}} : Roundabout way of describing a word that cannot be recalled. Often seen in conjunction with ano...
Dysphagia Compensatory strategies : {{c2::Mendelsohn}} maneuver : Patient voluntarily holds the larynx at its {{c1::m...
Post stroke Dependent Edema treatment {{c1::compression glove}} {{c2::foam wedge}} pneumatic compression retrograde mass...
{{c1::Stereotype}} : Repetition of nonsensical syllables (e.g., “no, no, no”) during attempts at communication
Benedikt's Syndrome ipsilateral {{c1::CN3 palsy (w/ mydriasis)}} contralateral {{c2::hypesthesia (medial lemniscus)}}...
Inferior division of the MCA : lesion on either side: {{c1::superior quadrantanopia or homonymous hemianopsia::2}} (visi...
SYMPTOMS SITE OF LESION Ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome (ptosis, miosis, anhydrosis) {{c1::Pupillodilator (symp...
Post stroke Brachial Plexus/Peripheral Nerve Injury Etiology : “Traction” injury to the plexus/nerve Clinical Presentat...
Saccular aneurysms More likely to rupture if {{c1::10}} mm or larger
At the {{c1::pontomedullary junction}} , the two vertebral arteries join to form the basilar artery
Transcortical motor aphasia Frontal lobe, anterior or superior to Broca’s area or in the subcortical region deep to Broc...
Seizure Management Recurrent seizures: Potentially life-threatening complication of stroke by elevating ICP 1st-line age...
{{c3::Millard–Gubler Syndrome}} {{c1::Ipsilateral::laterality}} {{c1::abducens (CN6)}} and {{c1::facial (CN7)}} palsies...
Right lesion (nondominant hemisphere): {{c6::agnosognosia}}, {{c4::hemineglect}} & {{c4::constructional / dressing apr...
Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) Linked to chronic HTN (but >{{c1::1/3::fraction}} occur in normotensives) Pr...